Fatawah on Siyam from Fatawah Islamiyah
(dar us salam edition)
Who is Allowed to Break Fast During Ramadhan
The sick person who is not strong enough to fast
Q. There is a person who is ill with tuberculosis and it is difficult for him to fast during Ramadhan. Last Ramadhan he did not fast, so does he have to give food sine it is known that he is not expected to recover from this illness?A. If the sick person sis not strong enough to fast Ramadhan and he is not expected to recover from the illness, he is not obligated to fast. Instead, it is obligatory for him to feed a poor person for each day that he does not fast. He gives the person half a sa’ of wheat or dried dates or rice or something similar to that from the customary food of his people that they eat if he is able to do so. This is similar to the extremely old man and woman upon whom fasting is difficult.
The permanent Committee (pg281)
The sick Person whom fasting is too difficult
Q. I am a woman who is ill and I did not fast some days last Ramadhan. I am not able to make up for these days due to my illness. So, what is the expiation for that? Likewise, I will definitely not be able to fast Ramadhan this year, so what is the expiation of that also? May Allah reward you with good.A. It is legislated for the sick person upon whom fasting is too difficult to break his fast, and whenever Allah cures him, he makes up for whatever is due upon him of fasting. This is due to Allah’s statement: “But if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days.” (al-Baqarah ayah 184).
O you questioner, there is no sin upon you in breaking your fast during this month (ramadhan) as long as the illness still remains. This is because breaking the fast is a concession from Allah for the sick person and the traveller, and Allah loves for His concessions to be taken just like He hates for disobedience of Him to be done. There is no expiation on you, but whenever Allah cures you, you must make up for the days. May Allah cure you from every evil and expiate the sins from you and us.
Ash-Shaykh ibn Baz (page 282)
The ruling on whoever is unable to fast due to old age or illness
Q. If my mother became ill some days before Ramadhan, and the illness weakened her, and she is elderly, and she fasted 15 days of Ramadhan, but she is not able to fast what remains and she cannot make up for the days, is it correct for her to give charity? How much daily charity would be sufficient since I am taking care of her? Do I pay what is due on her in the situation that she does have anything to give in charity?
A. Whoever is unable to fast due to old age or an illness that the person is not expected to recover from, then that person breaks his fast and feeds a poor person for each day, Allah said:
“And upon those who are able to do so, ex., fast, but with difficulty, there is a ransom of feeding a poor person.”(al-baqarah 2:184)
Ibn ‘Abbas (radhiallahu 3anhoo) said: “This was revealed as a concession for the extremely old man and the extremely old woman who are not able to fast. Thus, they feed a poor person in place of each day.”
This was recorded by al-Bukhari.
Therefore, your mother must feed a poor person each day, and the amount is half a sa’ of the food of the land. If she cannot find anything to give as food for herself, then there is nothing due on her. If you want to give food on her behalf, then this is a form of doing charitable good and Allah loves those who do good.
The Permanent Committee (page 282-283)
A. Whoever is unable to fast due to old age or an illness that the person is not expected to recover from, then that person breaks his fast and feeds a poor person for each day, Allah said:
“And upon those who are able to do so, ex., fast, but with difficulty, there is a ransom of feeding a poor person.”(al-baqarah 2:184)
Ibn ‘Abbas (radhiallahu 3anhoo) said: “This was revealed as a concession for the extremely old man and the extremely old woman who are not able to fast. Thus, they feed a poor person in place of each day.”
This was recorded by al-Bukhari.
Therefore, your mother must feed a poor person each day, and the amount is half a sa’ of the food of the land. If she cannot find anything to give as food for herself, then there is nothing due on her. If you want to give food on her behalf, then this is a form of doing charitable good and Allah loves those who do good.
The Permanent Committee (page 282-283)
It is legislated for the sick person to break his fast
Q. I am a 16 year old and I am being treated in a hospital for the past 5 years. During the month of Ramadhan last year the doctor ordered that I be given some chemical medicine in the veins of my neck while I was fasting. The medicine was strong and it affected my stomach and all of my body during the same day that I took it, causing me to be severely hungry. After less than seven hours had passed since fajr, at approximately Asr time, I began to feel pain from the hunger and felt as thought I was about to die, but I did not b break my fast until the Athan of Maghrib. During the month of Ramadhan this year, if Allah wills, the doctor will again order that I been given that medicine. Should I break my fast on that day or not? If I do not break my fast, do I still have to make up for that day? Does taking blood from the vein of the neck break the fast or not? Likewise, concerning the medicine that I mentioned (does it break the fast)?
A. It is legislated for the sick person to break the fast during the month of Ramadhan if the last fast is harmful to him or difficult upon him or he needs to take some medicine during the day. This medicine could be various types of pills, syrups and so forth, from that which is eaten or drunk. This is due to Allah’s statement:
“But if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days.”( al-Baqarah ayah:184).
It is also due to the Prophet’s (allayhee salat wassalam) statement:
“verily, Allah loves that His concession be taken just as he hates the disobedience of Him to be done.”( ahmad no.2:108)
In another narration he said:
“...just as He likes for His decisions to be followed.”(ibn hibban no.913,914)
In reference to taking blood from the vein of the neck for blood tests and other purposes, the correct view is that it does not break the fast of the fasting person. However, if it is a lot, then it is better to delay it until night. If it is done during the day, it is safer to make up for the day of fasting, as it resembles cupping.
Ash-Shaykh ibn Baz (pg.285)
A. It is legislated for the sick person to break the fast during the month of Ramadhan if the last fast is harmful to him or difficult upon him or he needs to take some medicine during the day. This medicine could be various types of pills, syrups and so forth, from that which is eaten or drunk. This is due to Allah’s statement:
“But if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days.”( al-Baqarah ayah:184).
It is also due to the Prophet’s (allayhee salat wassalam) statement:
“verily, Allah loves that His concession be taken just as he hates the disobedience of Him to be done.”( ahmad no.2:108)
In another narration he said:
“...just as He likes for His decisions to be followed.”(ibn hibban no.913,914)
In reference to taking blood from the vein of the neck for blood tests and other purposes, the correct view is that it does not break the fast of the fasting person. However, if it is a lot, then it is better to delay it until night. If it is done during the day, it is safer to make up for the day of fasting, as it resembles cupping.
Ash-Shaykh ibn Baz (pg.285)
Senility removes Responsibility
Q. I have a grandmother who is very old and she has not fasted in 10 years due to her lack of ability. She died this year and she did not expiate for the previous years nor did her heirs make expiation of her due to their ignorance. It should also be known that she was receiving help in the form of social security benefits. Are heirs obligated to make expiation on her behalf for every fast of Ramadhan during the previous years, and is there any sin on them regarding that? Please benefit us with an answer, may Allah reward you with good.
A. if she had sound intelligence during the period of them mentioned and she was able to make expiation, then it is given on her behalf from what she left as inheritance. This is in order to expiate the days that she did not fast and she did not make expiation for by feeding a poor person half a sa’ of food for each day from the food of the land to be distributed among the poor and needy people. However, if she lost her intellect due to senility or she was poor in her life and unable to make expiation due to her money from the social security being only sufficient for her needs without anything being left for expiating, there is nothing due on her or her heirs. This is due to Allah’s statement:
“so fear Allah as much as you are able”(at-Taghabun ayah:16)
It is also due to the prophet’s statement:
“whatever I have prohibited you from, avoid it; and whatever I have commanded you with, do it as much as you are able.” (al-bukhari no7288 and Muslim no.1337)
The authenticity of this Hadeeth is agreed upon.
Also, with senility being involved- if she had become senile then the responsibility for fasting, praying and similar things is removed from her. And success from Allah.
Ash-Shaykh ibn Baz (pg.286)
A. if she had sound intelligence during the period of them mentioned and she was able to make expiation, then it is given on her behalf from what she left as inheritance. This is in order to expiate the days that she did not fast and she did not make expiation for by feeding a poor person half a sa’ of food for each day from the food of the land to be distributed among the poor and needy people. However, if she lost her intellect due to senility or she was poor in her life and unable to make expiation due to her money from the social security being only sufficient for her needs without anything being left for expiating, there is nothing due on her or her heirs. This is due to Allah’s statement:
“so fear Allah as much as you are able”(at-Taghabun ayah:16)
It is also due to the prophet’s statement:
“whatever I have prohibited you from, avoid it; and whatever I have commanded you with, do it as much as you are able.” (al-bukhari no7288 and Muslim no.1337)
The authenticity of this Hadeeth is agreed upon.
Also, with senility being involved- if she had become senile then the responsibility for fasting, praying and similar things is removed from her. And success from Allah.
Ash-Shaykh ibn Baz (pg.286)
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